worldwide experienced a condition affecting either the joints, muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, or the spine

in 2020, a 123.4% increase from 1990. It’s expected that musculoskeletal disorders will double in prevalence in

the next 30 years, affecting 1.06 billion people in 2050. Doctors of chiropractic are trained in the management

of several musculoskeletal disorders. 

Lancet Rheumatology, October 2023

collected from 169,000 adults revealed nearly 90 molecules associated with an elevated risk for a first heart

attack within the next six months. With further refinement, this finding can lead to a blood test that can be

conducted on routine blood samples collected during health check-ups to identify patients who may be at

increased risk for myocardial infarction. 

Nature Cardiovascular Research, February 2024

neurological disorder that breaks down the nerve cells in the brain, leading to impairments in motor, cognitive, and

emotional function. In a recent animal study, researchers observed that a high-fiber diet delayed symptom onset in

mice prone to develop the condition. The findings suggest that it may be possible to slow the progression of

neurodegenerative disease via the microbiome-gut-brain axis. 

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, December 2023

of a sample of professional baseball players in Japan revealed that for players in their 20s, the most common

causes of back pain included lumbar disk herniation and spondylolysis, while veterans in their 30s were more

likely to experience diskogenic pain and face joint arthritis. All Major League Baseball teams in the United

States have a doctor of chiropractic on staff to help manage musculoskeletal conditions players experience,

including back pain. 

Orthopedic Journal of Sports Medicine, October 2022

when dysfunction in the neck compresses or restricts the trigeminal nerve, resulting in a mild-to-moderate

headache characterized by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, autonomic symptoms, and dizziness.

Because these symptoms can overlap with migraine, it’s often misdiagnosed. Doctors of chiropractic frequently

manage cervicogenic headache patients using a multimodal approach that includes manual therapies, modalities,

and neck-specific exercises. 

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology, February 2024 

Prevention reports that teenagers who abuse drugs and alcohol often do so to relax, alleviate worries, or manage

stress or anxiety. The finding suggests that improving access to mental health services for adolescents could

reduce the risk for youth substance abuse. 

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, February 2024

(or kilometer-for-kilometer), both brisk walking and running offer similar benefits in terms of lowering the risk

for diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension. 

American Heart Association, January 2023

smoking is a risk factor for low back pain. On the other hand, quitting smoking can reduce one’s risk for low

back pain over time. 

Journal of Global Health, November 2023

83.45% had at least one episode of musculoskeletal pain in the previous year. According to researchers, the most common complaint was lower back pain, followed by neck pain and ankle pain. 

Work, January 2023

stress on adjacent levels increases, which can elevate the risk for injury.

Computer Methods in Biomechanical and Biomedical Engineering, October 2022

strengthening exercises can significantly reduce low back pain intensity in pregnant and postpartum women

with low back pain. Doctors of chiropractic often utilize such exercises as part of a multimodal treatment

approach for patients with pregnancy-related or postpartum low back pain.

Neurological Sciences, October 2022

fold in the six months following cancer diagnosis and remains 26% higher than the general population over

time. Study author Dr. Xuesong Han adds, “Our findings highlight the importance of timely symptom

management and targeted interventions or suicide prevention in individuals with cancer.”

JAMA Network Open, January 2023

34.7% underwent a surgical procedure in the next two years, while 60.8% were recommended to pursue a

conservative treatment approach (like chiropractic care). It’s estimated this saved each patient an average of $6,705 in treatment costs. 

adults from ages 44 to 68 years, being involved in a long-term marriage may reduce the risk for dementia by up to 27%. 

(average age 35 years) revealed an association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease. In

particular, the researchers observed that young adults reporting poor mental health on the majority of days in a

month are two-times more likely to also have suboptimal cardiovascular health. Lead author Dr. Yaa Adoma

Kwapong adds, “While the relationship between heart disease and depression is likely to be bidirectional, it's

important to prioritize mental health among younger adults as this may be beneficial in reducing heart disease

and improving overall heart health.” 

American Heart Association, January 2023

30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity a day. Some activities you can perform at home to meet these

guidelines include jumping rope, climbing stairs, yoga, house/yard work, and gardening.

MedicineNet, January 2023

first-line treatment by at least one of three independent international health technology assessment agencies. Lead

researcher Dr. Neeraj Patel notes, “Proponents of direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising often argue that

these ads have high public health value by encouraging uptake of the most therapeutically beneficial therapies. Our

study pushes back against this argument… Taken together with other research, our findings suggest that

pharmaceutical companies focus their advertising campaigns on expensive, brand-name drugs that have low or no

comparative benefit versus existing alternatives.” 

JAMA Network Open, January 2023

across all ages. Study leader Dr. Christopher Vaughan adds, “What this research does tell us is that there are a

number of benefits for youth going back to school as soon as they are able, and that missing more time from school

after concussion is not something that we should generally recommend unless it appears to be absolutely necessary for specific reasons.” J

death from cardiovascular disease may be up to 9% greater for people living in communities with the lowest

levels of leisure time physical activity. The study highlights the need for public health interventions to promote

a more active lifestyle to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease.

British Journal of Sports Medicine, January 2024 

disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease that makes breathing difficult, and it is a leading cause of death in the

United States. An analysis of data concerning more than 280,000 women revealed that the following

reproductive factors are associated with an elevated risk for COPD later in life: first period before age 11; three

or more children; multiple miscarriages; stillbirth; and menopause before age 51. 

Thorax, February 2024 

function, pain, depression, anxiety, and catastrophization completed by 71 patients with spinal stenosis, there’s an

association between a higher daily step count and less severe stenosis symptoms and a lower risk for anxiety and

fear-avoidance behaviors. 

Physiotherapy and Practice, October 2022

older adults, researchers observed that participants who took a daily omega-3 fatty acid supplement exhibited

healthier brain activity and less inflammation in key parts of their brain. The findings suggest that omega-3

supplementation may have a role in protecting brain health. 

Journal of Affective Disorders, January 2024 

index), central adiposity (higher waist circumference), and smoking are modifiable low back pain risk factors.

European Spine Journal, December 2023 

from the US National Health Interview Survey (2009-2018) found that engaging in any amount of regular moderate

to-vigorous physical activity is associated with a lower cardiovascular disease risk. Unfortunately, a third of

childhood cancer survivors don’t engage in any moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. 

Cancer, February 2023

that neural mobilization is an effective treatment option for mobility, pain, disability, and functional activity in

patients with cervical radiculopathy. Doctors of chiropractic frequently use neural mobilization as part of a

multimodal approach when managing cervical radiculopathy cases.

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, September 2023

that middle-aged and older adults with either persistent or multisite musculoskeletal pain were over 50%

more likely to develop cognitive decline within the next four years.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, February 2024

revealed an association between fat infiltration into the paraspinal muscles—the muscles that protect the spine

and aid in maintaining posture—and an elevated risk for back pain and back pain-related disability. Doctors of

chiropractic frequently encourage patients to perform exercises to strengthen the paraspinal muscles when

managing chronic low back pain. 

International Journal of Spine Surgery, October 2023 

the result of lifestyle choices over many years including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity,

physical inactivity, poor diet, and unsafe sun exposure. 

Clinical Chemistry, January 2024

diabetes who reduced their carbohydrate intake to just 30% of total daily calories spent more time within the

target range for glucose levels, reducing their risk for complications. The participants also reported they felt

comfortable with such a diet and experienced no adverse effects.

The Lancet Regional Health—Europe, December 2023

included 14 studies concluded that patients with mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome may be better served

by initially pursuing non-surgical, conservative treatment and only opting for surgery if these options fail to

improve their symptoms. Doctors of chiropractic offer a conservative, non-surgical approach that may include a

combination of manual therapy, nocturnal splinting, specific exercises, physiotherapy modalities, and nutrition

recommendations. 

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, January 2024

occurs when the rotator cuff tendons become inflamed or irritated as they pass through the subacromial space,

which can lead to pain, weakness, and reduced range of motion in the shoulder. Among a group of 60

subacromial impingement syndrome patients, researchers observed that both manual therapies and therapeutic

exercises are effective for improving shoulder pain, disability, and range of motion. Doctors of chiropractic

frequently employ both approaches as part of a multimodal treatment plan for managing patients with

subacromial impingement syndrome. 

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, February 2024

extensors and chronic low back pain. Doctors of chiropractic often recommend hip strengthening exercises as

part of a multimodal approach to manage chronic low back pain.

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, October 2023

condition associated with the degeneration of the spine, which can have a wide range of symptoms including

back pain, leg pain, numbness and tingling in the legs and impaired physical function. A recent study found that

vitamin D-deficient LSS patients who improved their vitamin D status via supplementation experienced

significant improvements with respect to lower back pain, functional outcomes, and quality of life. The findings

suggest that vitamin D levels should be assessed in LSS patients, and strategies to improve low vitamin D status

should be incorporated into a multimodal treatment approach. 

Medicine (Baltimore), October 2023 

Alzheimer's & Dementia, November 2023

back pain, even after adjusting for known risk factors for back pain such as physically demanding work and

exercise habits. 

Biomedicines, August 2023

diabetes in the following decade. On the other hand, those with healthy vitamin D status were less likely to be

diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. 

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, March 2024 

study that monitored 2,682 men for close to three decades found that while the combination of low fitness and

high blood pressure can double the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, maintaining higher fitness levels

may reduce this risk by half. Study author Dr. Jari Laukkanen adds, “Getting blood pressure under control

should remain a goal in those with elevated levels. Our study indicates that men with high blood pressure

should also aim to improve their fitness levels with regular physical activity.”

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, March 2023

exercise that involves short intervals of near-maximal effort—such as sprinting or stair climbing—separated by

intervals of moderate-intensity exercise—such as jogging or fast walking. In a recent experiment, researchers

found that obese adults who performed three intervals per HIIT session followed by 30 minutes of moderateintensity aerobic exercise experienced similar improvements in body composition, maximal oxygen intake, and

fat oxidation rate in twelve weeks as those who engaged in four-to-seven intervals per HIIT session without the

additional aerobic exercise. 

Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, April 2023

form of exercise that involves short intervals of near-maximal effort—such as sprinting or stair climbing—

 separated by intervals of moderate-intensity exercise—such as jogging or fast walking. A study that included 68

physically inactive older adults found that those who participated in an HIIT intervention experienced greater

improvement in knee muscle strength and working memory and similar improvements in blood pressure and

oxygen intake as participants who performed medium-intensity continuous training.

Journals of Gerontology: Series A, March 2023

followed by neck pain and knee pain at 43% and 39%, respectively. Further analysis revealed the following

risk factors for musculoskeletal pain among occupational heavy vehicle drivers: poor vehicle suspension,

poor posture, and heavy lifting. 

Work, April 2024

included 15,158 working-age adults, job duties that include rolling drums, cylinders, tires, or rolls heavier

than 40 kg (~88 lbs.) are linked to an elevated risk for low back pain.

Journal of Occupational Health, January 2024

Due to nonspecific symptoms, pancreatic cancer is often only diagnosed at advanced stages when a good outcome is less

Interviews with dog owners whose pet was stolen revealed similarly intense feelings of distress as parents who’ve lost a child, namely powerlessness, grief, and loss.

Animal-Human Interactions, April 2024

In a recent experiment, researchers observed that vitamin D promotes the growth of bacteria in the gut associated with an improved immune response to cancer cells. If vitamin D has a similar effect on the human gut microbiome, this finding may open the door to new strategies for battling cancer.

Science, April 2024

Among a sample of more than 380,000 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA), researchers observed that those with pre-existing cardiac comorbidities (such as congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, valvular dysfunction, and arrhythmia) have an elevated risk for adverse outcomes including a longer hospital stay, heart attack, acute kidney injury, transfusion, thromboembolic events, and infection. The authors conclude, “As our use of TKA rises, a lower threshold for preoperative cardiology referral in older individuals and early preoperative counseling/intervention in those with known cardiac disease may be necessary to reduce adverse outcomes.”

Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery, April 2024

An analysis of data from the National Survey of Family Growth revealed that the percentage of married women experiencing trouble becoming pregnant increased from 6.7% to 8.7% in the last decade.

National Health Statistics Reports, April 2024

Researchers have developed a new urine test that can look for genetic markers of bladder cancer, which may reduce the need for follow-up cystoscopies in bladder cancer survivors while also detecting cancer recurrence for earlier treatment.

European Association of Urology, April 2024

Past research has established a link between traumatic brain injury and impairments in saccadic eye movements, or the ability for the eyes to rapidly move in a coordinated manner. In a recent case study, researchers detected an improvement in saccadic performance in a young male patient with post-concussion syndrome following a two-week course of treatment that included cervical spinal manipulative therapy.

Brain Sciences, March 2024

Neck pain is a common complaint among desk-bound workers. In a recent experiment that included 91 office workers, researchers observed that those who routinely averaged more than 7,700 steps a day had a lower risk for developing neck pain during the six-month study.

Musculoskeletal Science & Practice, June 2024

Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, researchers found that middle-aged adults with no history of head injury who sustained one such injury during the three-decade study had a 34% elevated risk for ischemic stroke within the following eight years. For participants who experienced two head injuries, the risk of stroke nearly doubled. The researchers add that 16% of the individuals involved in the study experienced at least one head injury during the data collection period.

Stroke, May 2024

As we age, lipids can accumulate in the muscles and other tissues, which may increase the risk for chronic disease. In a recent study, researchers observed that engaging in physical activity can help to reverse this process.

Nature Aging, April 2024

Following an analysis of data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, researchers estimate that exchanging 30 minutes of sedentary time with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity can reduce the risk for depression by nearly 20%.

BMJ Open, April 2024

Mechanical neck pain is a term used to describe neck pain that results from the application of stress or strain on the anatomical structures of the neck. A recent study that included 78 mechanical neck pain patients found that a treatment plan that included a combination of manual therapies and therapeutic exercises—an approach commonly used by chiropractors—provided significant improvements with respect to pain, disability, and function.

Physical Therapy, March 2024

New research suggests that soft tissue mobilization and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching are both effective interventions for addressing tight hamstrings in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Doctors of chiropractic have several techniques at their disposal for improving hamstring flexibility, including those used in this study.

PeerJ, December 2023

When trigger points affect the function of the gluteus medius muscle, it can lead to altered gait, reduced hip stability, misalignment of the patella, and increased force on the knee, all of which can contribute to patellofemoral pain syndrome. A recent study found that for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome associated with gluteus medius trigger points, positional release technique and myofascial release technique–two manual therapies that may be provided by doctors of chiropractic—are effective treatments for improving pain, function, strength, pressure pain threshold, and quality of life when combined with exercise therapy.

Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, February 2024

For women with metastatic breast cancer, incorporating resistance, aerobic, and balance exercises into standard care can reducing pain and fatigue, as well as improve overall quality of life.

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, March 2024

A systematic review that included five clinical trials found that including scapular stabilization exercises in a treatment plan for chronic neck pain resulted in better outcomes with respect to pain. The finding demonstrates how issues in one area of the body can lead to problems elsewhere, thus the importance of the chiropractic practice of examining the whole patient and not just focusing on the area of chief complaint.

Spine Surgery and Related Research, January 2024

Using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, researchers report that engaging in both leisure-time physical activity and resistance training may reduce the risk for depression by up to 48%.

Journal of Affective Disorders, April 2024

Following an analysis of data concerning more than 112,000 heart failure hospitalizations, researchers report that heart failure with concomitant iron deficiency anemia is associated with longer hospital stays, increased costs, and an elevated risk for complications such as atrial fibrillation and acute kidney injury. The authors conclude, “Addressing iron deficiency is crucial, given its substantial impact on heart failure hospitalizations and outcomes, emphasizing the need for proactive diagnosis and management.”

Hospital Practice, April 2024

A systematic review that included 42 studies found that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is linked to an increased risk for miscarriage, preterm labor, preeclampsia, and postpartum depression and healthy vitamin D status during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk for gestational diabetes and low birth weight.

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, March 2024

A meta-analysis that included 34 studies concluded that obesity is a risk factor for low back pain in children and adolescents. In particular, the research team found that obese kids and teens have a 27% elevated risk for low back pain.

International Journal of Obesity (London), January 2024

Researchers from the American Cancer Society and the University of Melbourne report that cancer patients who meet guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate-to-intense physical activity per week are less likely to experience moderate-to-severe levels of cancer-related pain.

Cancer, February 2024

A recent animal study found that traumatic brain injury can trigger neural alterations throughout the brain, affecting function during both rest and exercise states. The authors of the study hope these findings can contribute to a better understanding of the brain’s response to injury and lead to more effective treatments to help patients recover from concussion.

Cerebral Cortex, January 2024

A commentary published in the American Journal of Medicine warns that a high intake of ultra-processed foods—food products include added sugars, fats, and salt to enhance flavor and prolong shelf life—has been linked to several poor health outcomes including obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Unfortunately, ultra-processed food products make up a significant portion of the American diet, including 70% of the average child’s total calorie intake.

American Journal of Medicine, February 2024

Huntington's Disease is a relatively rare genetic neurological disorder that breaks down the nerve cells in the brain, leading to impairments in motor, cognitive, and emotional function. In a recent animal study, researchers observed that a high-fiber diet delayed symptom onset in mice prone to develop the condition. The findings suggest that it may be possible to slow the progression of neurodegenerative disease via the microbiome-gut-brain axis.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, December 2023

In addition to getting your blood pressure and cholesterol levels checked, health experts recommend lipoprotein(a) level testing in individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease; a coronary CT calcium scan for middle-aged adults with multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors; and ultrasound to look for an aortic aneurysm in those with a family history or who have multiple risk factors for the condition.

Ohio State University, January 2024

Using data from the 2016 and 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Surveys, researchers report that daily cannabis users without a previous history of tobacco use have a 77% increased risk for coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, or stroke.

Journal of the American Heart Association, February 2024

An analysis of data concerning more than 2,100 adults with low back pain found that hypertension, arthritis, and hypothyroidism are associated with increased pain intensity while hypertension and arthritis are linked to longer pain duration.

European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, December 2023

Using data from the Swedish National Study on Ageing and Care, researchers report that snoring, frequent waking during the night, and sleeping two or more hours during the day are risk factors for dementia.

Computers in Biology and Medicine, February 2024

Researchers from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health report that a daily 500 mg dose of calcium may be as effective as the World Health Organization’s current daily recommendation (1,500 mg) for preventing preeclampsia and preterm birth.

New England Journal of Medicine, January 2024

Illness anxiety disorder is a chronic mental health condition in which a person excessively worries about having a serious, undiagnosed medical illness, despite having little or no medical evidence to support it. According to a recent study that looked at long-term data concerning more than 45,000 adults found that individuals with illness anxiety disorder were not only more likely to die from circulatory or respiratory diseases during the 24-year study, but they died at younger ages (up to five years) than participants without the mental health condition.

JAMA Psychiatry, December 2023

An analysis of data concerning nearly 17,000 adults, researchers found that individuals who live with someone experiencing depression earn about $5,000 less per year, miss more workdays, are more likely to become unemployed, and score lower on assessments of their mental and physical health.

Journal of Affective Disorders, December 2023

Past research has established that excessive anterior pelvic tilt is a risk factor for low back pain because the forward tilt of the pelvis can result in muscle imbalances, increased lumbar lordosis, and abnormal biomechanics. In a recent study, researchers found that performing resistance training focused on posterior chain and core strengthening resulted in improvements with respect to anterior pelvic tilt, as well as improved hamstring performance, which is often impaired in patients with chronic low back pain.

Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, January 2024

Based on an analysis of data concerning more than 3 million pregnancies, researchers warn that benzodiazepine use during pregnancy may increase the odds of miscarriage by up to 70%. The research team notes that physicians should carefully weigh the benefits and risks of prescribing this class of drug to pregnant women for insomnia and other psychiatric conditions.

JAMA Psychiatry, December 2023

A systematic review that included 27 studies found an association between more greenspace in a neighborhood and both a reduced risk for stroke and improved recovery following a stroke. The researchers speculate that these benefits may be due to the “moderating effects of green spaces on ambient temperatures, noise and air pollution, and psychosocial health plus greater enjoyment and opportunity for exercise and enrichment of the human microbiome.”

Journal of Neurological Sciences, January 2024

Examinations of 104 adults under 40 years of age revealed that nearly three-quarters of those with either chronic neck or low back pain reported tight hamstrings in one or both legs. The authors note that hamstring tightness can affect the biomechanics of the spine, increasing the risk for disorders such as low back pain and neck pain.

Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, August 2023

Proprioception is the body's ability to sense where its various parts are in relation to one another for purposes of movement and balance. In a recent study that included 20 patients with painful bilateral hip osteoarthritis, researchers observed that those prescribed proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises experienced greater improvements in lower limb function, strength, and range of motion than participants who received traditional physical therapy. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises are often utilized by doctors of chiropractic when managing musculoskeletal conditions such as hip osteoarthritis.

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, October 2023

An analysis of medical records of 165 older adults revealed a correlation between chronic low back pain and both increased lumbar lordosis and reduced skeletal muscle mass. Doctors of chiropractic commonly incorporate therapies and exercises to address strength and posture deficits when managing chronic low back pain.

Neurospine, September 2023

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a debilitating condition associated with the degeneration of the spine, which can have a wide range of symptoms including back pain, leg pain, numbness and tingling in the legs and impaired physical function. A recent study found that vitamin D-deficient LSS patients who improved their vitamin D status via supplementation experienced significant improvements with respect to lower back pain, functional outcomes, and quality of life. The findings suggest that vitamin D levels should be assessed in LSS patients, and strategies to improve low vitamin D status should be incorporated into a multimodal treatment approach.

Medicine (Baltimore), October 2023

Among a group of 25 people with patellofemoral pain syndrome, those treated with soft tissue mobilization twice a week for four weeks experienced improvements in knee pain and function that persisted after the conclusion of care. Doctors of chiropractic are trained in a variety of manual therapy techniques, including soft tissue mobilization, in the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome and other musculoskeletal disorders.

Frontiers in Medicine, November 2023

Compared with non-smokers, individuals who smoke both cigarettes and marijuana have a twelve-times greater risk for developing emphysema. The data also show that users of both products are nearly four times more likely to exhibit airway wall thickening, which can negatively affect pulmonary health.

Radiological Society of North America, November 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)—also known as Lou Gehrig's disease—is a rare illness that progressively and irreversibly kills the neurons responsible for movement, eventually leading to death. Analysis of blood samples from 250 individuals revealed 36 organic pollutants more likely to be present at harmful levels in ALS patients. Researchers note that such a blood test could be used to assess ALS risk as well as detect the presence of environmental pollutants that may increase the risk for ALS in a given region.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, October 2023

Current research suggests that individuals with stronger quadricep muscles are less likely to require knee replacement surgery within the next two-to-four years.

Radiological Society of North America, November 2023

Among a group of 161 whiplash associated disorders (WAD) patients, researchers observed that those who expected to recover and did their best to carry out their regular activities were more likely to have recovered within the following year. The findings underscore the importance of patient education about WAD and encouragement from healthcare professionals to remain active during treatment to reduce the risk for chronicity.

Clinical Journal of Pain, November 2023

Following an analysis of data from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey, researchers report that a higher intake of poultry, fish, and fruit is associated with a lower risk for cognitive impairment and physical frailty among senior citizens, both of which can help preserve their independence.

European Journal of Nutrition, November 2023

Examinations of 188 young adults revealed a significant correlation between foot/ankle pronation and hamstring tightness, which is often observed in low back pain patients. The study highlights the importance of examining the whole patient for issues beyond the area of chief complaint, which may contribute to the patient’s presenting symptom.

Cureus, July 2023

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chemical most commonly found in degreasers and furniture cleaning products that has been linked to elevated risk for liver and kidney cancer, nervous and reproductive system disruption, and abnormal fetal development. The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a ban that would necessitate the removal of TCE from cleaning products within a year, with limited commercial and industrial uses subject to more stringent worker protections that would also be phased out over time.

Environmental Protection Agency, October 2023

To better manage chronic disease, researchers recommend focusing on improvements in the following areas: nutrition, sleep health, stress management, physical activity, social connections, and risky behavior avoidance/reduction.

HSS Journal, November 2023

New research suggests that when a patient with chronic low back pain also suffers from another chronic pain condition—temporomandibular disorders, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, vulvodynia, myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, endometriosis, and chronic migraine and tension-type headaches, for example—they are more likely to report worse outcomes in the domains of physical, psychological, social, and global health.

Pain Practice, July 2023

Following an analysis of long-term data concerning more than 1.3 million Swedish adults, researchers report that the combination of chronic stress and depression during midlife quadruples an individual’s risk for Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, October 2023

Following an analysis of data from 33 clinical trials, researchers report that taking a daily 1-gram omega-3 fatty acid supplement can reduce inflammation in cancer patients, which may both slow the progression of the disease and enhance the effectiveness of treatment.

Nutrition and Cancer, October 2023

Using data from the UK Biobank study, researchers report that individuals who spend nearly all day engaged in sedentary behaviors are three times more likely to develop dementia than those who are inactive for fewer than ten hours a day.

Journal of the American Medical Association, September 2023

To make running more enjoyable and feel less strenuous, sport and exercise psychologists Drs. Noel Brick and Stuart Holliday offer the following tips: distract yourself with scenic views or mental imagery; "chunk" distances into manageable segments; focus on your breathing; listen to music you enjoy; and practice self-talk to boost your confidence.

Psychology of Running, September 2023

An analysis of data concerning 3,385 middle-aged adults found that for each additional 1,000 steps an individual averages per day, their odds for non-specific low back pain fall by 4%.

Scientific Reports, May 2023

An analysis of data from France’s national healthcare system revealed that adults over age 50 with chronic pain are 23% more likely to develop dementia in the following decade than their peers without chronic pain.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, September 2023

For patients with persistent post-traumatic headache (PPTH), a recent case series that included three PPTH patients revealed that treatment to improve stability and mobility in the upper cervical spine resulted in a long-term decrease in PPTH symptoms including difficulty swallowing, autonomic dysregulation, and headaches.

Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, July 2023

According to a recent study, migraineurs with co-occurring neck pain are more likely to report that their headaches have a greater effect on their ability to carry out their daily activities. Past research has shown that addressing neck disorders in migraine patients—with chiropractic care, for example—can reduce the frequency, intensity, and duration of migraines.

Journal of Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, June 2023

Doctors of chiropractic often advise chronic low back pain patients to engage in at-home exercises to strengthen the core muscles to both aid in recovery and reduce the risk for recurrence. An analysis of data from eight clinical trials found that Pilates is an effective option for improving core muscle strength in chronic low back pain patients and can serve as a viable alternative to other core strengthening exercises.

Healthcare (Basel), May 2023

Using data from the Children of the 90s research project, which monitored 766 participants from age 11 to 24, researchers found that excessive sedentary time in childhood is linked to more mass in the left ventricle of the heart, which is associated with an elevated risk for heart disease and stroke later in life.

European Society of Cardiology Congress, August 2023

With the aid of MRI, researchers observed that the brains of older adults who regularly engage in strenuous physical activity are more similar in function and structure to younger adults than their sedentary peers. The findings suggest that staying fit can help maintain a healthy functioning brain.

Neuroscience, June 2023

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and National Death Index, researchers report that individuals with osteoarthritis and neck pain lasting one year or longer are nearly three times more likely to die in the next decade than adults without a history of chronic neck pain and osteoarthritis. The authors of the study note that neck pain and osteoarthritis can limit mobility and physical activity, leading to a sedentary lifestyle that’s associated with an elevated risk for chronic disease. Doctors of chiropractic offer a hands-on form of treatment that can benefit patients with chronic neck pain and/or osteoarthritis.

Arthritis Research & Therapy, July 2023

Examinations of 80 adults, half with chronic non-specific neck pain, revealed that those with neck pain had weaker muscle strength in the scapulothoracic region, lower scapular muscle endurance, and abnormal positioning of the scapula both during movement and while at rest. Doctors of chiropractic often assess scapula function in neck pain patients as scapular dyskinesis may need to be addressed to achieve a satisfactory outcome for the patient.

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, July 2023

According to a recent study, engaging in low-intensity aerobic exercise three times a week for three months can improve executive function skills in middle-aged and older adults.

GeroScience, June 2023

Following an analysis of data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System from 2015 to 2019, researchers report that teenagers who used electronic cigarettes without a previous history of smoking had a 32% increased risk for developing asthma.

Preventative Medicine, September 2023

Proprioception is the body's ability to sense where its various parts are in relation to one another for purposes of movement and balance. Examinations of 111 young adults revealed an association between the presence of neck pain and impaired proprioception, as measured via the participants’ ability to return their head to a neutral position after movement. Doctors of chiropractic routinely check cervical range of motion looking for asymmetry and limitations of movement in patients presenting with neck pain.

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, February 2023

The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet is an eating pattern that is intended to slow or delay the neurodegenerative decline observed in Alzheimer’s disease patients. In a recent three-year clinical trial, researchers observed that the MIND diet can improve brain function in older adults without cognitive impairment.

New England Journal of Medicine, July 2023

For patients with chronic neck pain, a recent three-armed clinical trial found that soft tissue mobilization therapy—a treatment offered by doctors of chiropractic—is an effective intervention for reducing neck pain severity and improving proprioception (body's ability to sense where its various parts are in relation to one another for purposes of movement and balance).

Somatosensory & Motor Research, March 2023

A lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) is a congenital anomaly that occurs when part of the last lumbar vertebra fuses to the sacrum to some degree. A review of x-rays from 60 chronic low back pain patients and 60 age-matched controls revealed that LSTV is 77% more common (38.33% vs 21.66%) among those with chronic low back pain. The findings suggest that individuals with this LSTV are at elevated risk for chronic low back pain.

American Journal of Degenerative Disease, June 2023

Following the widespread legalization of medical and recreational marijuana throughout North American, researchers report the risk for cannabis poisoning has risen up to four times in some regions. The researchers note this rise may largely be due to the ingestion of edible products designed to look like sweets by users who are unable to gauge potency and tolerance, as well as children who find such products in the home and consume them.

Addiction, July 2023

Using data from a large cohort study that included 4.7 million older adults, researchers found that those with hearing loss had an increased risk for hospitalization, falls, adverse drug reactions, heart attack, stroke, and dementia over the following 14 years than participants without hearing loss.

EClinicalMedicine, June 2023

Researchers report that the incidence of hepatitis C in pregnant women has risen 16-fold in the last two decades, largely due to the increased injected drug use and needle sharing with infected users. While an antiviral treatment is available for hepatitis C patients, it’s not approved for use during pregnancy, and in utero viral exposure can increase the risk for abnormal fetal development and preterm birth.

JAMA Network Open, July 2023

Following an analysis of health records from the TriNetX global health research network, researchers report that patients with radicular low back pain who received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy as their first course of treatment were 47% less likely to receive a prescription for gabapentin—a medication commonly used off-label to manage radicular low back pain—during the following year than patients who received usual medical care.

BMJ Open, July 2023

Following an analysis of data from the 2016-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, researchers report that a diet high in sodium and low in potassium is associated with an elevated risk for abdominal obesity and high triglyceride and blood pressure levels.

Nutrients, July 2023

New research suggests that a career working with hair products—specifically those containing talcum powder, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, dyes, and bleaches—is linked to a three-fold increased risk for ovarian cancer in women.

Occupational & Environmental Medicine, July 2023

Among a group of 173 expectant mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy, 108 (62.4%) reported experiencing at least one episode of low back pain during the previous week. Further analysis revealed that a previous history of pregnancy-related low back pain, a sedentary lifestyle before pregnancy, and prolonged standing are each associated with an elevated risk for late-pregnancy low back pain.

Musculoskeletal Care, April 2023

Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD) are one of the most common issues that affect a musician’s ability to play their instrument and maintain their career. Among a group of 32 musicians with PRMD, those who received six weeks of treatment that included manual therapies—such as those commonly provided by doctors of chiropractic—reported greater improvements in pain than participants in a control group.

Frontiers of Pain Research, June 2023

Among a group of 14,352 active-duty soldiers treated for neck pain during a seven-year timeframe at one military base, 52% had sustained a mild-traumatic brain injury during the previous 90 days. However, less than 1% of these individuals had neck pain at the time of their concussion diagnosis. The findings suggest that injury to the cervical spine is common in patients with mild-traumatic brain injury.

Military Medicine, June 2023

Among a group of 306 patients who sustained a mild-traumatic brain injury (mTBI), researchers found that 47% experienced neck pain and 22.2% exhibited reduced cervical range of motion. Additionally, concussion patients with more severe neck pain took longer to recover. The findings suggest that mTBI patients could benefit from a thorough examination of the neck and treatment to address any findings, something doctors of chiropractic are well-equipped to provide.

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, February 2023

The current literature suggests that myofascial release, massage, spinal manipulation, strain counterstrain technique, ischemic compression, and other manual therapies can benefit patients with various types of headaches. Doctors of chiropractic often use manual therapies as part of a multimodal approach for headache management.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, June 2023

Among a group of 21 middle-aged adults, researchers observed that those treated with spinal manipulative therapy applied to the thoracic spine experienced improvements in maximal voluntary ventilation after three sessions that were not observed among participants in a sham treatment group. Spinal manipulation is the primary form of treatment provided by doctors of chiropractic.

Journal of Physical Therapy Science, July 2023

A survey of more than 51,000 cancer survivors found that 70% have at least one functional limitation, with disability most common among pancreatic and lung cancer survivors.

JAMA Oncology, June 2023

Using data from the Norwegian HUNT Study, researchers report that more than 90% of adults with persistent low back pain have co-occurring musculoskeletal pain in at least one other part of the body, most commonly the neck, shoulder, and hip/thigh.

Pain, July 2023

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone mineral density, which can increase the risk for fracture in the event of a fall. To maintain strong bones, individuals should make sure to consume adequate amounts of calcium, maintain healthy vitamin D levels, eat a nutrient-rich diet, get regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

Hospital for Special Surgery, May 2023

Using data from a 110-million patient network in the United States, researchers report that 10.8% of patients who received chiropractic spinal manipulation had at least one prior spine surgery.

Cureus, April 2023

Examinations of 36 chronic neck pain patients revealed that lower muscle endurance in the muscles of the shoulder, arms, and trunk is associated with more severe and disabling neck pain. The finding highlights the importance of evaluating the whole patient—something doctors of chiropractic are trained to do—as dysfunction in adjacent areas of the body may contribute to the patient’s chief complaint.

Somatosensory & Motor Research, March 2023

Researchers report that iron plays a crucial role in brain chemical production, and low iron levels have been linked to conditions such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. The findings suggest that individuals with mental health conditions and those at risk of iron deficiency should consider ferritin testing and potential iron supplementation.

Current Psychiatry, May 2023

An analysis of data concerning over 6.6 million adults found that heavy marijuana use is associated with a significant increased risk for both bipolar disorder and depression. However, the study was unable to identify the nature of the relationship, whether cannabis use raises the risk for these mental health conditions or if individuals at increased risk for bipolar disorder and depression are more likely to abuse marijuana.

JAMA Psychiatry, May 2023

Past research has shown hearing loss to be a risk factor for dementia, due to several factors that include depression, social isolation, and reduced mental stimulation. Using data from the UK Biobank study, researchers estimate that untreated hearing loss may increase an individual's risk for dementia by 42%. However, the research team notes that addressing hearing loss with a hearing aid appears to completely mitigate this risk.

Lancet Public Health, April 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system in which the immune system attacks the brain and spinal cord resulting in symptoms such as numbness, tingling, mood changes, memory problems, pain, fatigue, blindness, and paralysis. In a recent experiment, researchers observed that patients in the early stages of MS who engaged in a 16-week walking program experienced meaningful improvements in motor processing speed.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, April 2023

For patients with lateral epicondylitis—also known as tennis elbow—a recent study found that manipulative therapy applied to the wrist may improve grip strength. The finding suggests that dysfunction in the wrist may contribute to tennis elbow, and the wrist should be evaluated in patients seeking care for the condition.

Journal of Hand Therapy, March 2023

The United States Preventive Services Task Force has updated its recommendation for mammography screening for breast cancer among women at average risk for the disease. The task force now advises bi-annual mammograms starting at age 40 (instead of age 50), which puts it more in line with guidelines from the American Cancer Society and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Preventive Services Task Force, May 2023

According to a recent study, two networks in the brain activate when reading: one neural pathway focuses on processing individual words while the other works to derive meaning from the combined words in a sentence.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, April 2023

Even at moderate levels, exposure to airplane noise during the night can increase the likelihood for insufficient quality sleep—especially among individuals living near cargo airports.

Environmental Health Perspectives, April 2023

According to a recent study, young children with pus or sticky mucus discharge from the ears and impaired hearing during a cold are more likely to receive a later diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder. The authors of the study note that further research is needed to better understand the nature of this association and if it may someday give greater insight into how autism develops.

BMJ Open, April 2023

Examinations of 111 healthy older adults revealed an association between blood levels of certain fatty acids in the blood and greater grey matter volume in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and insular cortices of the brain, which is linked to better cognitive function. The finding suggests that measuring the concentration of these blood markers could give doctors insight into a patient’s brain health.

Journal of Nutrition, March 2023

Non-specific neck pain is a term used to describe neck pain that occurs in the absence of an underlying disease or pathology, like an infection or osteoporotic fracture. A systematic review that included 22 studies concluded that the combination of manual therapy and exercise is an effective intervention for reducing pain and disability in patients with non-specific neck pain. Doctors of chiropractic routinely adopt a multimodal approach that includes manual therapies and exercises when managing patients with non-specific neck pain.

Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, April 2023

In a recent experiment, researchers observed that participants who believed their fitness routine was customized for them experienced greater improvements than those who were given the same routine without any indication it was tailored to them.

Scientific Reports, February 2023

Following a review of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, researchers report that engaging in physical activity for at least 240 minutes a week can reduce the risk for subjective cognitive decline by 48%.

Journal of Affective Disorders, May 2023

For men with hypertension, a recent study that monitored 2,682 men for close to three decades found that while the combination of low fitness and high blood pressure can double the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, maintaining higher fitness levels may reduce this risk by half. Study author Dr. Jari Laukkanen adds, “Getting blood pressure under control should remain a goal in those with elevated levels. Our study indicates that men with high blood pressure should also aim to improve their fitness levels with regular physical activity.”

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, March 2023

For patients with chronic low back pain, a recent experiment that included 40 chronic low back pain patients found that spinal stabilization exercises resulted in faster improvement with respect to balance, pain, and disability than general exercises. Doctors of chiropractic often utilize spinal stabilization exercises as part of a multimodal approach for the management of chronic low back pain.

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, February 2023

Kinesiophobia is defined as an excessive, irrational, and debilitating fear of physical movement and activity as the result of feeling vulnerable to painful injury or reinjury. In a recent study, researchers observed that for patients recovering from injury who are experiencing kinesiophobia, using virtual reality can take their mind off their pain and help them engage in more physical activity.

Tufts University, March 2023

Mobilization is a manual therapy that may be used by doctors of chiropractic that is characterized by the application of a controlled force on a joint within its normal range of motion. In a recent experiment, researchers observed that the application of mobilization therapy to the lower cervical spine can have a positive effect on salivary cortisol levels, suggesting that improving mobility in the lower neck can reduce the autonomic stress response.

Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy, February 2023

A study that monitored 2,280 middle-aged men found that those with hypertension and low fitness levels were 74% more likely to die due to cardiovascular disease in the following three decades than hypertensive participants with high fitness levels. Study author Dr. Jari Laukkanen adds, “Getting blood pressure under control should remain a goal in those with elevated levels. Our study indicates that men with high blood pressure should also aim to improve their fitness levels with regular physical activity. In addition to habitual exercise, avoiding excess body weight may enhance fitness.”

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, March 2023

An evaluation of long-term outcomes of 925,000 older adults revealed that a husband who loses his wife has a 70% higher risk of death in the year following her passing. On the other hand, a woman whose husband passes away has a 27% increased risk of death in the next year.

PLOS ONE, March 2023

New research that looked at 32 years of data concerning more than 200,000 adults concluded that following a healthy eating pattern that emphasizes a high intake of fruit, vegetables, lean meat, and healthy fats, with limited consumption of sugary drinks and processed, cured, or fried foods is linked to a reduced risk for chronic disease.

Nature Medicine, March 2023

Delirium, or sudden onset of severe confusion, is common among older adults following hospitalization. A study that included 560 older adults found that post-surgical delirium is associated with a 40% faster decline in cognitive function. However, it’s unclear if delirium is the cause or a marker of accelerated mental decline in the elderly.

JAMA Internal Medicine, March 2023

Questionnaires completed by 2,000 teenagers revealed that 57% experienced an episode of low back pain in the previous year.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, September 2022

Using data from the Danish National Birth Cohort concerning more than 25,000 children, researchers observed that kids with poor fine-motor and coordination skills at age seven have an elevated risk for neck and mid-back pain four years later. The authors note, “Motor skills influence the biomechanics of movement and therefore has a potential impact on musculoskeletal health.”

European Journal of Pediatrics, April 2023

For patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, researchers report that knee pain and disability, low back pain, and fear of falling are associated with an increased risk for falling. In addition to education and assurance that their condition can stabilize and/or improve, doctors of chiropractic also utilize manual therapies, strengthening exercises, and proprioceptive exercises to reduce pain and improve function in the knee and other areas of the body that may contribute to the patient’s chief complaint, such as the hip, ankle, and low back.

Medicine, December 2022

A meta-analysis of 50 studies concluded that consistent exposure to highly filtered and unrealistic depictions of the human body can increase the risk for developing an eating disorder, particularly among young girls. The authors of the analysis remind parents to monitor their child’s Internet use and to remind them that images seen online are often not realistic.

PLOS Global Public Health, March 2023

Among a group of nearly 226,000 adults, researchers observed that averaging less than six hours or more than nine hours of sleep a night are associated with a 6-15% elevated risk for developing depression in the following four years.

Journal of Affective Disorders, May 2023

Questionnaires completed by 208 police officers revealed that two-thirds had chronic low back pain. Past research has identified increased years on the job, prolonged sitting/standing, frequent bending/twisting, altercations, whole body vibration exposure, and carrying a heavy belt as risk factors for low back pain among law enforcement personnel.

Work, October 2022

A comparison of 84 whiplash associated disorders (WAD) patients and 116 age-matched controls revealed that WAD patients are seven times more likely to experience painful jaw muscles, and this issue may persist for several years. The findings suggest doctors should test the jaw muscles for sensitivity following a whiplash injury so that treatment can be provided to reduce the risk for chronic jaw muscle pain and discomfort.

European Journal of Pain, February 2023

Questionnaires completed by 204 warehouse workers revealed that one in four had low back pain. However, the researchers found greater handgrip strength—a measure used to assess physical fitness—is associated with a lower risk for pain in the low back.

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Research, February 2023

The Department of Health and Human Services offers the following guidelines for driving safely with a child in the car: make sure the child is in an age-appropriate car seat or booster seat (and always wear a seatbelt yourself); never drive while impaired (alcohol, drugs, medication, or drowsy); don’t text and drive; keep your eyes on the road; don’t speed; drive according to road conditions; and maintain a three-second distance behind the car traveling in front of yours.

Health and Human Services, January 2023

This article provides evidence revealing dental infections such as periodontitis, gingivitis and endodontic lesions may be linked to

cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation and cardiac arrhythmia.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common persistent cardiac arrhythmia occurring in clinical practice.

Oral bacteria and/or their DNA have been detected in human atherosclerotic lesions, the pericardial fluid, heart valves, and thrombi in many studies. A recent metaanalysis of 63 studies that included 1791 patients confirmed the presence of 23 oral bacterial species in atherosclerotic plaques. Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas

gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens.

Patients affected by oral infections are exposed to many toxins, metabolic products, and proteins of bacterial origin, which may influence the myocardium.

Inflammation, as well as atrial electrical and structural remodeling, is suggested to play a role in the initiation and perpetuation of AF.

It is recommended to consider dental infections in patients suffering with AF.

A good dental work-up is consider wise medicine when dealing with AF.

References

www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164509/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5087888/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijcp.13875